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. 2026 Jun 27;12(7):284. doi: 10.3390/jimaging12070284
YOLO You Only Look Once
G-conv Ghost convolution
ACFFA Adaptive Calibration and Feature Fusion Architecture Head
AS-WIoU Adaptive Scale-aware Wise Intersection over Union
Faster R-CNN Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
PAN Path Aggregation Network
FPN Feature Pyramid Network
Conv Convolution
CBS Convolution-Batch Normalization-SiLU
C3k2 CSP Stage Block with 3 Convolutions and 2-input Bottleneck
C2f CSP Stage Block with 2-flows
C2PSA Cross Stage Partial with Pyramid Squeeze Attention
C3K CSP Stage Block with 3 Convolutions
AvgPool Average Pooling
SiLU Sigmoid Linear Unit
AS Adaptive Scaling
P Precision
R Recall
AP Average Precision
mAP Mean Average Precision
GFLOPS Giga Floating-point Operations Per Second
FPS Frames Per Second