| Abbreviation | Full Term |
| ANOVA | Analysis of Variance |
| BMI | Body Mass Index |
| BP | Blood Pressure |
| CI | Confidence Interval |
| DR | Diabetic Retinopathy |
| ECM | Extracellular Matrix |
| eGFR | Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate |
| ER | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| ERG | Electroretinography |
| GLUT9 | Glucose Transporter 9 |
| HbA1c | Glycated Hemoglobin |
| HR | Hazard Ratio |
| hs-CRP | High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein |
| IQR | Interquartile Range |
| NDR | No Diabetic Retinopathy |
| PDR | Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
| PPDR | Pre-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| SD | Standard Deviation |
| SDR | Simple Diabetic Retinopathy |
| SGLT2 | Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 |
| SMD | Standardized Mean Difference |
| SUA | Serum Uric Acid |
| T2D | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| UA | Uric Acid |
| URAT1 | Urate Transporter 1 |
| VEGF | Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor |
| XO | Xanthine Oxidase |