Skip to main content
. 2026 Jul 14;31(14):2464. doi: 10.3390/molecules31142464
RBCs Red blood cells
ROS Reactive oxygen species
RNS Reactive nitrogen species
H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide
AAPH 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
ARE Antioxidant response element
HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1
GSH Glutathione
SOD Superoxide dismutase
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
MDA Malondialdehyde
CAT Catalase
GSH-Px Glutathione peroxidase
PRDX2 PRDX2
PS Phosphatidylserine
GPx Glutathione peroxidase
TBARS Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
GSSG Oxidized glutathione
T-SOD Total superoxide dismutase
BDMC Bisdemethoxycurcumin
PVA Polyvinyl alcohol
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
ABTS 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)
NO Nitric oxide
·OH Hydroxyl radical
ROO· Peroxyl radical
MetHb Methemoglobin
AE1 Anion exchanger 1
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
NF-κB Nuclear factor kappa B
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
NOX NADPH oxidase
CRP C-reactive protein
IL-6 Interleukin-6
TNF-α Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
RCT Randomized controlled trial
NADPH Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
PPP Pentose phosphate pathway
2,3-BPG 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate
SLC4A1 Solute carrier family 4 member 1
Na+/K+-ATPase Sodium–potassium adenosine triphosphatase
Ca2+-ATPase Calcium adenosine triphosphatase
Fluo-4/Fluo-3 Fluo-4/Fluo-3 calcium fluorescent indicators
FSC Forward scatter
NQO1 NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1
GCLC Glutamate–cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
HTR8/SVneo HTR8/SVneo trophoblast cell line
SIRT1 Sirtuin 1
SIRT3-SOD2 Sirtuin 3–superoxide dismutase 2
G6PD Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
DMC Demethoxycurcumin
LC-MS Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
DAMPs Damage-associated molecular patterns
TLR9 Toll-like receptor 9
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid