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. 2026 Jul 9;15(14):2116. doi: 10.3390/plants15142116
ROS reactive oxygen species
ABA abscisic acid
GA3 gibberellic acid
SA salicylic acid
JA jasmonic acid
PGPR plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria
S single salt stress
SD short-term drought exposure under salt stress at the flowering stage
SEM scanning electron microscopy
TEM transmission electron microscopy
PCoA principal coordinate analysis
LDA linear discriminant analysis
UHPLC-MS/MS ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
DAM differentially accumulated metabolite