mRNA	Messenger RNA
saRNA	Self-Amplifying RNA
RNA-LNP	RNA-loaded Lipid Nanoparticle
CQAs	Critical Quality Attributes
UTRs	Untranslated Regions
PEG–lipid	Polyethylene Glycol Lipid
DLS	Dynamic Light Scattering
PDI	Polydispersity Index
Cryo-TEM	Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
EM	Electron Microscopy
ELS	Electrophoretic Light Scattering
CDMS	Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry
TDA	Taylor Dispersion Analysis
SEC	Size Exclusion Chromatography
SEC-MALS	Size Exclusion Chromatography–Multi-Angle Light Scattering
AEX	Anion Exchange Chromatography
IP-RP	Ion-Pair Reverse Phase
IP-RPLC	Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
2D-LC	Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography
CE	Capillary Electrophoresis
CGE	Capillary Gel Electrophoresis
LC-MS/MS	Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
CFT-MS	Cell-Free Translation Mass Spectrometry
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
SAXS	Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
SANS	Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
AUC	Analytical Ultracentrifugation
iCIEF	Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing
LFSA	Lipid Formulation Stability Assay
CICS	Cylindrical Illumination Confocal Spectroscopy
CLiC-ALEX	Convex Lens-Induced Confinement Alternating Laser Excitation
NTA	Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
HPLC	High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
RT-PCR	Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR	Polymerase Chain Reaction
qPCR	Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction
DEPC	Diethyl Pyrocarbonate
RNase	Ribonuclease
dsRNA	Double-Stranded RNA
PBS	Phosphate-Buffered Saline
PVP	Polyvinylpyrrolidone
API	Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
TLR	Toll-Like Receptor
AREs	AU-rich Elements
PABP	Poly(A)-Binding Protein
ED50	Effective Dose 50
CBT	Cell-Based Translation
CFT	Cell-Free Translation
DC	Dendritic Cell
MD	Molecular Dynamics
RSV	Respiratory Syncytial Virus
ICH	International Council for Harmonisation
LAL	Limulus Amebocyte Lysate
BioRender	Biological Illustration Software Platform