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. 2026 Jun 30;18(7):286. doi: 10.3390/toxins18070286
ACE Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
AI Artificial Intelligence
ANP Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
AT1AR Angiotensin Type-1A Receptor
AT1R Angiotensin Type-1 Receptor
AT2R Angiotensin Type-2 Receptor
ATIB Angiotensin Type-1B Receptor
BBB Blood–Brain Barrier
BPF Bradykinin-Potentiating Factors
CaTxs Cardiotoxins
CGRP Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide
CTX Cytotoxin
DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis
FAD Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
FMN Flavin Mononucleotide
GIP Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
GLP-1 Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
IKβ IκB Kinase
Kv Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel
LAAO L-Amino Acid Oxidase
mAChRs Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors
nAChRs Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
NaV Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
CaV Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel
NP Natriuretic Peptides
RAAS Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
RGD Arg-Gly-Asp Motif
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SRTXs Sarafotoxins
3FTxs Three-Finger Toxins
NaV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel 1.7
P/Q P/Q-Type Calcium Channel
N-type N-Type Calcium Channel
R-type R-Type Calcium Channel
L-type L-Type Calcium Channel
M1–M5 Muscarinic Receptor Subtypes 1–5
ShK Stichodactyla helianthus Potassium Channel Toxin
HWTX-IV Huwentoxin-IV
HNTX-I Hainantoxin-I
PhTx3 Phoneutria nigriventer toxin-3
Oh9-1 Omega Neurotoxin-9-1
GsMTx4 Grammostola spatulata Mechanotoxin-4
HL-60 Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells
MCF-7 Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Breast Cancer Cells
DU-145 Prostate Cancer Cell Line
HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
A549 Human Lung Carcinoma Cells
T24 Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells
BIU-87 Human Bladder Cancer Cells
Calu-6 Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Molt-4 Human T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells
C8166 Human T-Cell Line