Table 6. Known food allergens from cultivated grain crops listed by the WHO/IUIS allergen database (www.allergen.org, January 2026).
| Source | Allergen | MW (kDa) | Functional category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fagopyrum esculentum (Common buckwheat) | Fag e 2a | 16 | 2S albumin |
| Fag e 3 | 19 | α-hairpinin | |
| Fag e 4 | 3.9 | Hevein-like antimicrobial peptide | |
| Fag e 5 | 55 | 8S globulin, vicilin-like | |
| Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartarian buckwheat) | Fag t 2 | 16 | 2S albumin |
| Fag t 6 | 18 | Oleosin | |
| Hordeum vulgare (Barley) | Hor v 12 | 14 | Profilin |
| Hor v 15 | 14.5 | Monomeric α-amylase inhibitor BMAI-1 | |
| Hor v 16 | 47.8 | α-amylase | |
| Hor v 17 | 57.3 | β-amylase | |
| Hor v 20 | 34 | γ-hordein 3 | |
| Secale cereale (Rye) | Sec c 20 | 70 | γ-secalin, coeliac immunoreactive protein |
| Triticum aestivum (Wheat) | Tri a 12 | 14 | Profilin |
| Tri a 14a | 9 | Non-specific lipid-transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Tri a 17 | 56 | β-amylase | |
| Tri a 18 | 21 | Agglutinin isolectin 1, isolectin A, wheat germ agglutinin 1 (WGA1) | |
| Tri a 19a | 65 | ω5-gliadin | |
| Tri a 20 | 35 – 38 | γ-gliadin | |
| Tri a 21 | α/β-gliadin | ||
| Tri a 26 | 88 | High molecular weight glutenin | |
| Tri a 29 | 13 | α-amylase inhibitor (tetramer) CM1/CM2 | |
| Tri a 30 | 16 | α-amylase inhibitor (tetramer) CM3 | |
| Tri a 33 | Serin protease inhibitor (Serpin) | ||
| Tri a 36 | 40 | Low molecular weight glutenin | |
| Tri a 37 | 12 | α-purothionin | |
| Tri a 40 | 15.96 | α-amylase inhibitor (tetramer) CM17 | |
| Triticum turgidum ssp durum (Durum wheat) | Tri tu 14 | 9.2 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein 1 (nsLTP1) |
| Zea mays (Maize) | Zea m 8 | 28.6 | Class IV chitinase |
| Zea m 14 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) |
IgE diagnostics available from a Thermo Fisher Scientific (Uppsala, Sweden).