Table 7. Known food allergens from tree nuts listed by the WHO/IUIS allergen database (www.allergen.org, Jan 2026).
| Source | Allergen | MW (kDa) | Functional category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) | Ana o 1 | 50 | Vicilin-like protein |
| Ana o 2a | 55 | Legumin-like protein | |
| Ana o 3a | 14 | 2S albumin | |
| Bertholletia excelsa (Brazil nut) | Ber e 1a | 9 | 2S sulfur-rich seed storage albumin |
| Ber e 2 | 29 | 11S globulin | |
| Carya illinoinensis (Pecan) | Car i 1 | 16 | 2S albumin |
| Car i 2 | 55 | Vicilin-like seed storage protein; 7S globulin | |
| Car i 4 | 55 | 11S globulin, legumin | |
| Castanea sativa (Chestnut) | Cas s 5 | 16 | Chitinase class I |
| Cas s 8 | 55 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Cas s 9 | 17 | Cytosolic class I small heat shock protein; Hsp20 | |
| Corylus avellana (Hazelnut) | Cor a 2 | 14 | Profilin |
| Cor a 8a,b | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Cor a 9a,b | 40 | 11S globulin (legumin-like) | |
| Cor a 11 | 48 | 7S seed storage globulin (vicilin-like) | |
| Cor a 12 | 17 | Oleosin | |
| Cor a 13 | 14 – 16 | Oleosin | |
| Cor a 14a | 10 | 2S albumin | |
| Cor a 15 | 17 | Oleosin | |
| Cor a 16a | 6 – 8, 48 | 7S globulin, vicilin-like | |
| Juglans nigra (Black walnut) | Jug n 1 | 15 | 2S albumin |
| Jug n 2 | 56 | Vicilin (7S globulin) | |
| Jug n 4 | 22 – 34 | 11S globulin (legumin-like) | |
| Juglans regia (English walnut) | Jug r 1a | 15 – 16 | 2S albumin |
| Jug r 2 | 44 | 7S globulin | |
| Jug r 3a | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Jug r 4 | 58.1 | 11S globulin | |
| Jug r 5 | 20 | PR-10 protein | |
| Jug r 6a | 47 | 7S globulin, vicilin | |
| Jug r 7 | 13 | Profilin | |
| Jug r 8 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 2 (nsLTP2) | |
| Jug r 9 | 92 | Phospholipase D α 1 | |
| Macadamia integrifolia (Macadamia) | Mac i 1 | 50 | Vicilin |
| Mac i 2 | 60 | Legumin | |
| Pinus koraiensis (Korean pine) | Pin k 2 | 48 | Vicilin |
| Pinus pinea (Stone pine) | Pin p 1 | 15 | 2S albumin |
| Pistacia vera (Pistachio) | Pis v 1 | 7 | 2S albumin |
| Pis v 2 | 32 | 11S globulin subunit | |
| Pis v 3 | 55 | Vicilin | |
| Pis v 4 | 25.7 | Manganese superoxide dismutase | |
| Pis v 5 | 36 (acidic subunit) | 11S globulin subunit | |
| Prunus dulcis (Almond) | Pru du 1 | 18 | PR-10, Bet v 1-related protein |
| Pru du 3 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Pru du 4 | 14 | Profilin | |
| Pru du 5 | 10 | 60S acidic ribosomal protein P2 | |
| Pru du 6 | 360 (hexamer) | Amandin, 11S globulin, legumin-like | |
| Pru du 8 | 31 | α-hairpinin | |
| Pru du 10 | 60 | Mandelonitrile lyase 2; hydroxynitrile lyase |
IgE diagnostics available from aThermo Fisher Scientific (Uppsala, Sweden), bDr Fooke (Neuss, Germany).