Table 8. Known food allergens from fruits listed by the WHO/IUIS allergen database (www.allergen.org, January 2026).
| Source | Allergen | MW (kDa) | Functional category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actinidia chinensis (Gold kiwi fruit) | Act c 5 | 28 | Kiwellin |
| Act c 8 | 17 | Pathogenesis-related protein, PR-10, Bet v 1 family member | |
| Act c 10 | 10 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Actinidia deliciosa (Green kiwi fruit) | Act d 1a | 30 | Cysteine protease (actinidin) |
| Act d 2a | 24 | Thaumatin-like protein | |
| Act d 3 | 40 | Glycoprotein with unknown function | |
| Act d 4 | 11 | Phytocystatin | |
| Act d 5a | 28 | Kiwellin | |
| Act d 6 | 18 | Pectin methylesterase inhibitor | |
| Act d 7 | 50 | Pectin methylesterase | |
| Act d 8a | 17 | Pathogenesis-related protein, PR-10, Bet v 1 family member | |
| Act d 9 | 14 | Profilin | |
| Act d 10 | 10 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Act d 11 | 17 | Major latex protein/ripening-related protein (MLP/RRP), Bet v 1 family member | |
| Act d 12 | 50 | Cupin, 11S globulin | |
| Act d 13 | 11 | 2S albumin | |
| Ananas comosus (Pineapple) | Ana c 1 | 15 | Profilin |
| Ana c 2a | 22.8 | Bromelain | |
| Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) | Citr l 2 | 14 | Profilin |
| Citrus limon (Lemon) | Cit l 3 | 9.6 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) |
| Citrus reticulata (Tangerine) | Cit r 3 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) |
| Citrus sinensis (Sweet orange) | Cit s 1 | 23 | Germin-like protein |
| Cit s 2 | 14 | Profilin | |
| Cit s 3 | 9.46 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Cit s 7 | 8 | Gibberellin regulated protein, peamaclein | |
| Cocos nucifera (Coconut) | Coc n 1 | 53 | Vicilin-like protein |
| Cucumis melo (Muskmelon) | Cuc m 1 | 67 | Alkaline serine protease (cucumisin) |
| Cuc m 2 | 14 | Profilin | |
| Cuc m 3 | 17 | Pathogenesis-related protein PR-1 | |
| Malus domestica (Apple) | Mal d 1a,b,c,e | 17.5 | Pathogenesis-related protein, PR-10, Bet v 1 family member |
| Mal d 2 | 23 | Thaumatin-like protein | |
| Mal d 3a,b | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Mal d 4e | Profilin | ||
| Musa acuminata (Banana) | Mus a 1 | 15 | Profilin |
| Mus a 2 | 33 | Class 1 chitinase | |
| Mus a 3 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Mus a 4 | 20 | Thaumatin-like protein | |
| Mus a 5 | 30 | β-1,3-glucanase | |
| Mus a 6 | 27 | Ascorbate peroxidase | |
| Persea americana (Avocado) | Pers a 1 | 32 | Class I chitinase |
| Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) | Pru ar 1 | Pathogenesis-related protein, PR-10, Bet v 1 family member | |
| Pru ar 3 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Pru ar 5 | 17.4 | Acidic Hev b 5-like protein | |
| Prunus avium (Sweet cherry) | Pru av 1e | 9 | Pathogenesis-related protein, PR-10, Bet v 1 family member |
| Pru av 2 | 23 | Thaumatin-like protein | |
| Pru av 3e | 10 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Pru av 4e | 15 | Profilin | |
| Pru av 7 | 9 | Gibberellin-regulated protein | |
| Prunus domestica (European plum) | Pru d 3 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) |
| Prunus persica (Peach) | Pru p 1a,b | 18 | Pathogenesis-related protein, PR-10, Bet v 1 family member |
| Pru p 2 | 25 – 28 | Thaumatin-like protein | |
| Pru p 3a,b,e | 10 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Pru p 4a,b | 14 | Profilin | |
| Pru p 7a | Gibberellin-regulated protein (PF02704) | ||
| Punica granatum (Pomegranate) | Pun g 1 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein 1 (nsLTP1) |
| Pun g 7 | 7 | Gibberellin regulated protein, pommaclein | |
| Pun g 14 | 29 | Chitinase III | |
| Pyrus communis (Pear) | Pyr c 1 | 18 | Pathogenesis-related protein, PR-10, Bet v 1 family member |
| Pyr c 3 | 9 | Nonspecific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) | |
| Pyr c 4 | 14 | Profilin | |
| Pyr c 5 | 34 | Isoflavone reductase related protein, putative phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase | |
| Vitis vinifera (Grape) | Vit v 1 | 9 | Non-specific lipid transfer protein type 1 (nsLTP1) |
| Carica papaya (Papaya) | Cari p 1d | 57 | Endo-polygalacturonase |
| Cari p 2 | 28 | Chymopapain; member of the papain-like cysteine protease (petidase C1) family | |
| Litchi chinensis (Lychee) | Lit c 1 | 15 | Profilin |
| Mangifera indica (Mango) | Man i 1 | 28 | Class IV chitinase |
| Man i 2 | 17 | PR-10 protein; Bet v 1-related protein | |
| Man i 4 | 14 | Profilin | |
| Phoenix dactylifera (Date palm) | Pho d 2 | 14 | Profilin |
| Prunus mume (Japanese apricot) | Pru m 7 | 6.9 | Gibberellin-regulated protein, peamaclein |
| Ziziphus mauritiana (Chinese date) | Ziz m 1 | 30 | Class III chitinase |
IgE diagnostics available from aThermo Fisher Scientific (Uppsala, Sweden), bDr Fooke (Neuss, Germany), cEuroimmun (Lübeck, Germany), dGold Standard Diagnostics (Kassel, Germany), eSiemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany).