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Gibbs free-energy diagram (in kcal/mol) of electroreduction of the CO2-to-CO pathway on catalyst 1 (NiN4-TPP) under an applied potential of −1.03 V and pH = 7.2 in an aqueous solution. Black line denotes the most favored pathway. Red arrows in the structures represent the unpaired electrons, either on Ni or the porphyrin ligand.
