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. 2026 Jul 27;10(3):706–737. doi: 10.1162/NETN.a.570

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© 2026 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For a full description of the license, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Three heatmaps of Sample Moment Estimator, FDR Controlled Estimator, and Threshold Estimator present binary patterns across five communities and various categories depict varying patterns. — Brain systems with significant proportions from each average estimator under the significance level of 0.05. The black box represents the insignificant result, and the yellow box represents the significant result.