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. 2026 Jul 27;10(3):706–737. doi: 10.1162/NETN.a.570

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© 2026 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For a full description of the license, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Two line graphs of Relative Frobenius Norm Error percentage versus Sample Size for N = 50 and N = 200. In both, ceFC and eFC errors decrease as sample size increases. — Relative Frobenius norm estimation error for a nonsparse ceFC matrix. The colored lines correspond to the proposed sample moment estimation for ceFC () and eFC ().

Inline graphic — Relative Frobenius norm estimation error for a nonsparse ceFC matrix. The colored lines correspond to the proposed sample moment estimation for ceFC () and eFC ().