Table 3.

Performance of single criteria

Criterion	Total (n)	ISS > 15 (n)	PPV (%)	95% CI
1 Physiology
1.1 RR < 10 or > 29/min or need for ventilatory support	256	111	43.4	37.3–49.4
1.2 Oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 90% without O2	50	15	30.0	17.3–42.7
1.3 Heart rate > 130/min	44	8	18.2	6.8–29.6
1.4 Systolic BP < 90	54	16	29.6	17.5–41.8
1.5 GCS < 14	259	55	21.2	16.3–26.2
1.6 Severe hypothermia without normal circulation	1	1	100	-
2 Anatomical injury
2.1 Facial trauma with threatened airway	6	2	33.3	0-71.1
2.2 Cranial fracture	8	4	50.0	15.4–84.6
2.3 Penetrating injury to head, neck, torso and extremities proximal to elbow/knee	58	4	6.9	3.8–13.4
2.4 Severe pain in thorax (suspicion of rib fractures)	227	43	18.9	13.8–24.1
2.5 Massive haemorrhage	9	0	0	-
2.6 Crush injury	1	0	0	-
2.7 Two or more fractures in long bones	14	5	35.7	10.6–60.8
2.8 Severe pain in pelvic region (suspicion of pelvic fracture)	85	13	15.3	7.6–22.9
2.9 Suspicion of spinal cord injury	45	17	37.8	23.6–51.9
2.10 Injury in two body sections (head/neck/thorax/abdomen/pelvis/spinal cord/femur)	327	34	10.4	7.1–13.7
2.11 Burn injury, second or third degree > 15% body surface (children > 10%) or inhalation injury	25	3	12.0	0-24.7
3 Mechanism of injury
3.1 Vehicle crash > 50 km/h without use of seat belt or triggered airbag	68	1	1.5	0-4.3
3.2 Vehicle crash where car has rolled over	68	0	0	-
3.3 Vehicle crash, person trapped	9	0	0	-
3.4 Vehicle crash, ejection from automobile	1	0	0	-
3.5 Auto vs. pedestrian/bicyclist	111	1	0.9	0-2.7
3.6 Fall from height >5 m for adults and >3 m for children	76	7	9.2	2.7–15.7
4 Patient factors
4.1 Age > 60 years	146	24	16.4	10.4–22.5
4.2 Age < 5 years	26	1	3.8	0-11.2
4.3 Severe disease (kidney/heart/lung)	3	0	0	-
4.4 Pregnant patient > week 20	5	0	0	-
4.5 Anticoagulants	5	2	40.0	0–83.0
4.6 Under the influence of drugs/alcohol	71	6	8.5	2.0-14.9