Table 2. Exploratory ranking of NMN-nominated KEGG pathways and leading disease-level signals.

The table emphasizes exploratory ranking rather than confirmed enrichment. The composite score was calculated as . The score is descriptive and does not replace permutation, Wilcoxon, or FDR testing. “Meta-level permutation/Wilcoxon/FDR survival” indicates whether the listed disease-level combination passed the reported meta-level checks; no listed combination did so.

NMN: nicotinamide mononucleotide; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; TWAS: transcriptome-wide association study; MDD: major depressive disorder; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Z: Stouffer combined Z-statistic; FDR: false discovery rate

Rank	Gene set	NMN-linked seed / mechanistic lead	Leading disease	Composite score	Z	Coverage	Permutation p	Meta-level permutation/Wilcoxon/FDR survival
1	KEGG_SYNAPTIC_VESICLE_CYCLE	APBA2	MDD	2.224	3.41	65%	0.1222	No
2	KEGG_RAS_SIGNALING_PATHWAY	MAP2K2	MDD	1.225	−1.74	66%	0.4245	No
3	KEGG_AUTOPHAGY_ANIMAL	TRP53INP2	MDD	0.960	−1.26	75%	0.5679	No
4	KEGG_NEUROACTIVE_LIGAND_RECEPTOR_INTERACTION	GALR1	ALS	0.816	1.07	60%	0.5257	No
5	KEGG_MAPK_SIGNALING_PATHWAY	MAP2K2	ALS	0.745	0.93	66%	0.5904	No
6	KEGG_REGULATION_OF_ACTIN_CYTOSKELETON	MYO15	MDD	0.735	0.90	70%	0.6815	No
7	KEGG_FATTY_ACID_DEGRADATION	CPT2	MDD	0.674	−0.77	79%	0.7244	No
8	KEGG_ENDOCYTOSIS	RAB11A	ALS	0.498	0.48	76%	0.7852	No
9	KEGG_CITRATE_CYCLE_TCA_CYCLE	SLC13A5	MDD	0.411	0.31	83%	0.8864	No
10	KEGG_PPAR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY	CPT2	ALS	0.402	−0.35	71%	0.8367	No