Two-hybrid analysis of tankyrase 1 and 2-TRF1 interactions. (A) β-Galactosidase concentrations (Miller units; average of three independent transformations) were measured for strains expressing the indicated fusion proteins. GAD, GAL4 activation domain; AR, ank repeats. (B) Northern blots of RNAs from a variety of human adult and fetal tissues and human primary and cancer cells, probed with tankyrase 1, tankyrase 2, or β-actin DNA as a control. f., fetal; PD, population doubling.