Table 1.
Characteristics of Type I and II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies
| Type I | Type II | |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism of action | Induce the aggregation of CD20 into lipid rafts | Do not induce the aggregation of CD20 into lipid rafts |
| High CDC | Low CDC | |
| ADCC | ADCC | |
| ADCP | ADCP | |
| Direct cell death | Stronger direct cell death | |
| B cell depletion | B cell depletion with longer duration [29] | |
| FDA approved for paediatric kidney disease | AAV (≥ 2 years old) [30] | —— |
| Examples | Rituximab, ofatumumab | Obinutuzumab |
| Availability as biosimilars | Available for rituximab | No |
CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity, ADCC antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ADCP antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, AAV ANCA-associated vasculitis