Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study	Country	Sample (Int/Con)	Intervention	Control	Diagnosis	Protocol
Ai-Ping et al., 2016	China	28/32	PBM	White peony glycosides	Clinical	3×/week, 3 weeks
Dillenburg et al., 2014	Brazil	21/21	PBM	Clobetasol 0.05%	WHO histological	3×/week, 30 days
El Shenawy & Eldin, 2015	Egypt	12/12	PBM	Triamcinolone	WHO-based	2×/week, 2 months
Ferri et al., 2021	Brazil	17/17	PBM + placebo	Clobetasol 0.05%	WHO	2×/week, 8 sessions
Jain et al., 2021	India	15/15	PBM + triamcinolone	Triamcinolone 0.1%	Clinical + histopathology	2×/week, 9 sessions
Jajarm et al., 2011	Iran	11/13	PBM	Dexamethasone	Biopsy-proven OLP	2×/week, 10 sessions
Kazancioglu et al., 2015	Turkey	30/30	PBM	Dexamethasone	Clinical + histological	2×/week, 10 sessions
Laxmi et al., 2015	India	20/20	PBM	Triamcinolone acetonide	WHO-based	2×/week, 5–6 sessions
Matsumoto et al., 2019	Japan	11/7	PBM	Corticosteroids	WHO-based	Variable
Mirza et al., 2018	Saudi Arabia	15/15	PBM	Dexamethasone	Histological	2×/week, 1 month
Mohamed et al., 2024	Egypt	22/22	PBM	Triamcinolone acetonide	WHO-based	2×/week, 5 weeks
Othman et al., 2016	Egypt	12/12	PBM	Corticosteroids	WHO-based	2×/week, max 10 sessions
Panchal, 2023	India	30/30	PBM + triamcinolone	Triamcinolone 0.1%	Histological	2×/week, 9 sessions
Salinas-Gilabert et al., 2023	Switzerland	20/19	PBM + orabase	Triamcinolone 0.1%	Van der Meij & van der Waal	1×/week, 4 sessions
Sanjay et al., 2022	India	10/10/10	PBM	PBM + triamcinolone	Modified WHO	Every 3 days, 5 sessions

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