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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Autoimmun. 2026 Jul 20;163:103597. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2026.103597

Figure 4. NC-TAC maintains AIH Treg phenotype in an inflammatory milieu.

Figure 4.

The preservation of Treg phenotype was tested following exposure to an inflammatory challenge consisting of IL-6 and IL-1β. Due to the high cell yield required for this experiment, Tregs were obtained from CD4 naïve cells exposed to IL-2, TGF-β and Dynabeads Human T activator CD3/CD28 for T cell expansion. Violin plots of (A) FOXP3, (B) RORC, (C) IL-10 and (D) IL-17A mRNA levels in Tregs exposed to vehicle in the absence or presence of pro-inflammatory challenge, and following treatment with NC, NC-TAC or TAC and pro-inflammatory challenge (HS, n=9; AIH, n=10). Results are presented as fold change compared to vehicle in the absence of pro-inflammatory challenge. *P≤0.05; **P≤0.01 (one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). In each violin plot, median and quartiles are shown. Treatment with NC-TAC preserves the phenotype of AIH Tregs in the presence of a pro-inflammatory challenge.