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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Autoimmun. 2026 Jul 20;163:103597. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2026.103597

Figure 5. NC-TAC ameliorates liver inflammation in vivo.

Figure 5.

NOD/scid/gamma mice were reconstituted with human CD4 T cells and treated with vehicle, NC, NC-TAC or unencapsulated TAC twenty hours before exposure to acute hepatitis induced by Concanavalin-A (Con-A). Mice were sacrificed four hours after being exposed to Con-A. Mice reconstituted with human CD4 cells but unexposed to Con-A (no Con-A group) served as controls. Box and whiskers plots of (A) serum ALT levels and (B) the Ishak modified HAI (mHAI) score and the lymphoplasmacytic infiltration score in mice unexposed to Con-A (n=2) or treated with vehicle (n=5), NC (n=5), NC-TAC (n-=5) or TAC (n=5). (C) Hematoxylin and Eosin and human CD3 staining of liver sections (original magnification, ×10, scale bar: 200 μm), obtained from representative mice treated with vehicle, NC, NC-TAC or TAC. Box and whiskers plots representing the frequency of intra-hepatic CD4 T lymphocytes positive for (D) FOXP3, (E) IL-10, (F) IL-17A and (G) IFNγ. In all panels, the no Con-A group served as baseline reference only, not being powered for formal comparison. *P≤0.05; **P≤0.01 (one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test).