Table 1.
Patient information.
| Clinical factors | Training cohort(n=585) | P value | Test cohort(n=310) | P value | External validation cohort 1(n=510) | P value | External validation cohort 2(n=94) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ncsPCa (n=337) | csPCa (n=248) | ncsPCa (n=182) | csPCa (n=128) | ncsPCa(n=248) | csPCa(n=262) | ncsPCa(n=28) | csPCa(n=66) | |||||
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 65.66 ± 6.995 |
68.16 ± 6.741 |
<0.001 | 65.41 ± 6.769 |
66.43 ± 7.573 |
0.173 | 63.69 ± 6.892 |
66.79 ± 7.562 |
<0.001 | 71.68 ± 10.089 |
73.09 ± 9.524 |
0.520 |
| Prostate volume (cm³; mean ± SD) | 64.42 ± 33.541 |
53.48 ± 25.284 |
<0.001 | 68.65 ± 35.791 |
47.003 ± 21.868 |
<0.001 | 60.399 ± 29.636 |
47.390 ± 24.728 |
<0.001 | 66.958 ± 44.510 |
55.199 ± 29.244 |
<0.001 |
| Serum total PSA (ng/ml; mean ± SD) | 11.70 ± 15.332 |
16.49 ± 21.025 |
<0.001 | 10.091 ± 9.753 |
15.295 ± 14.805 |
<0.001 | 7.568 ± 6.436 |
11.798 ± 14.260 |
<0.001 | 25.138 ± 26.375 |
263.792 ± 584.673 |
0.201 |
| PSA density (mean ± SD) | 0.199 ± 0.252 |
0.337 ± 0.419 |
<0.001 | 0.163 ± 0.154 |
0.361 ± 0.349 |
<0.001 | 0.145 ± 0.176 |
0.285 ± 0.329 |
<0.001 | 0.412 ± 0.451 |
4.695 ± 10.975 |
<0.001 |
| PI-RADS score | ||||||||||||
| 1-2 | 35 | 1 | <0.001 | 14 | 0 | 0.001 | 25 | 7 | 0.001 | 0 | 1 | 0.513 |
| 3-5 | 302 | 247 | 168 | 128 | 223 | 255 | 28 | 65 | ||||
The normality of continuous variables was assessed before statistical comparison. Only age in the test cohort and external-validation cohort 2 met the assumptions for parametric testing and was further assessed for homogeneity of variance using Levene’s test; these comparisons were performed using the independent-samples t test. All other continuous variables showed non-normal distributions and were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate. A two-sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.