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. 2026 Jul 20;14:1866750. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2026.1866750

FIGURE 1.

Grouped bar chart illustration compares the improvement rates of immediate elastic recovery (R2), delayed elastic recovery (R5), and overall elasticity (R7) between Multipolar RF (blue, study group) and Monopolar RF (orange, control group) at one, three, six, and twelve months, showing consistently higher mean improvement in the study group with all differences statistically significant at P less than 0.001.

Changes in Skin Elasticity Parameters (R2, R5, R7) Over Time by Treatment Group. Longitudinal improvement rates (%) in three cutometric elasticity parameters: R2 (immediate elastic recovery rate), R5 (delayed elastic recovery rate), and R7 (overall elasticity parameter), measured at bilateral cheek areas using the Cutometer MPA 580 at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after completion of five treatment sessions. Values represent mean ± standard deviation. Study group (multipolar RF, n = 42) versus control group (monopolar RF, n = 42). Asterisks (*) denote statistically significant between-group differences at all time points (P < 0.001, Bonferroni-corrected). Both groups showed peak improvement at 3 months post-treatment, with the study group demonstrating significantly superior and more durable reversal of skin elasticity decline across all parameters.