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. 2026 Jul 20;14:1866750. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2026.1866750

TABLE 6.

Comparison of PSES scale dimension scores between two groups.

Dimension Group 1 Month post-treatment 3 Months post-treatment 6 Months post-treatment 12 Months post-treatment
Skin tightening improvement Study group 11.2 ± 1.8 12.6 ± 1.5 12.1 ± 1.7 11.4 ± 1.9
(3–15 points) Control group 8.9 ± 2.1 9.8 ± 2.0 9.3 ± 2.2 8.6 ± 2.3
t value 5.283 6.714 6.047 5.841
P value* <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Skin texture improvement Study group 14.8 ± 2.2 16.7 ± 1.9 15.9 ± 2.1 15.1 ± 2.3
(4–20 points) Control group 11.7 ± 2.6 12.9 ± 2.4 12.2 ± 2.7 11.4 ± 2.8
t value 5.742 7.394 6.821 6.285
P value* <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Overall appearance improvement Study group 10.9 ± 1.6 12.1 ± 1.4 11.6 ± 1.5 10.8 ± 1.7
(3–15 points) Control group 8.6 ± 1.9 9.4 ± 1.8 9.0 ± 2.0 8.3 ± 2.1
t value 5.894 7.152 6.394 5.736
P value* <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Treatment experience evaluation Study group 5.7 ± 0.9 5.9 ± 0.8 6.1 ± 0.9 5.8 ± 1.0
(2–10 points) Control group 4.6 ± 1.1 4.8 ± 1.0 4.9 ± 1.1 4.4 ± 1.2
t value 4.863 5.294 5.173 5.641
P value* <0.001 <0.001 0.004 0.008

P values corrected by Bonferroni method.