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. 2026 Jul 20;17:1855538. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1855538

Figure 2.

Four scatter plots with individual data points and median with interquartile range bars, each labeled A, B, C, or D. Plot A compares previous treatment (Anti-TNFα vs. No anti-TNFα) for serum ADA levels, showing higher median in the No anti-TNFα group. Plot B compares serum anti-adalimumab antibodies (No AAA vs. AAA+), showing significantly higher ADA in the AAA+ group, indicated by four asterisks. Plot C compares adalimumab dosage (Standard, Intensified, Spared), with higher serum ADA in the Intensified and Standard groups compared to Spared, with significance marked by asterisks. Plot D compares ADA monotherapy vs. ADA+IMT, showing no significant difference in serum ADA levels.

Determinants of serum adalimumab levels in patients with non-infectious uveitis. Serum trough levels of adalimumab (ADA) according to clinical and treatment-related variables in patients with non-infectious uveitis. (A) ADA levels according to previous exposure to anti-TNF therapy (anti-TNFα vs no prior anti-TNFα). (B) ADA levels according to the presence of anti-adalimumab antibodies (AAA− vs AAA+). (C) ADA levels according to ADA dosing regimen (standard, intensified, and spaced). (D) ADA levels according to treatment strategy (adalimumab monotherapy vs adalimumab combined with immunomodulatory therapy [IMT]). Each dot represents an individual measurement (n = 135). Horizontal lines indicate median values with interquartile range (IQR). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test or Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate, followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons when applicable. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.