Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with non-infectious uveitis undergoing adalimumab therapeutic drug monitoring.
| Variable | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, median (range), years | 44 (18–84) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 37 (56.9) |
| Geographic origin, n (%) | |
| Caucasian | 52 (80.0) |
| Latin American | 10 (15.4) |
| Other | 3 (4.6) |
| Anatomical classification, n (%) | |
| Anterior uveitis | 8 (12.3) |
| Intermediate uveitis | 5 (7.7) |
| Posterior uveitis | 25 (38.5) |
| Panuveitis | 27 (41.5) |
| Bilateral involvement, n (%) | 49 (75.4) |
| Etiology, n (%) | |
| Systemic autoimmune disease-associated* | 30 (46.1) |
| Birdshot chorioretinopathy | 12 (18.4) |
| Behçet’s disease | 10 (15.4) |
| Punctate inner choroiditis | 6 (9.2) |
| VKH / sympathetic ophthalmia | 12 (18.4) |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 6 (9.2) |
| Serpiginous choroiditis | 4 (6.2) |
| Unclassified | 4 (6.2) |
| Previous treatment before adalimumab, n (%) | |
| Immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) | 26 (40.0) |
| Prior anti-TNF therapy (infliximab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab): | 6 (9.2) |
| IMT + prior non-anti-TNF biologic therapy (tocilizumab, rituximab, secukinumab) | 14 (21.5) |
| Corticosteroids only | 19 (29.3) |
| Concomitant therapy at time of TDM (n = 135 measurements), n (%) | |
| Methotrexate (MTX) | 19 (14.1) |
| Mycophenolic acid (MPA) | 4 (3.0) |
| Azathioprine (AZA) | 15 (11.1) |
| Cyclosporine (CyA) | 10 (7.4) |
| Corticosteroids only | 34 (25.2) |
| Adalimumab monotherapy | 53 (39.2) |
n = 65 patients / 135 measurements at different timepoints. *Etiological categories were not mutually exclusive. VKH, Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada disease; IMT, immunomodulatory therapy (conventional); MTX, methotrexate; MPA, mycophenolic acid; AZA, azathioprine; CyA, cyclosporine; ADA, adalimumab; TDM, therapeutic drug monitoring.