Table 4.
Changes in FFM and LST from equations and DXA
| Equation | Change in FFM or LST estimation | Mean difference and 95% CI (DXA-prediction) | P | Effect size | r/r2 | SEE/MAE (kg) | ICC (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equations used to estimate FFM | |||||||
| Change in FFM from DXA: 6.25 ± 2.77 kg | |||||||
| Equations only using weight, age, sex, or BMI | |||||||
| Gallagher et al. (2000)27 | 3.69 ± 2.20 | 2.56 (2.13 to 2.99) | < 0.001 | 1.070 | 0.558*/0.312 | 2.31/2.98 | 0.35 (0.00 to 0.58) |
| Janmahasatian et al. (2005)29 | 3.25 ± 1.31 | 3.00 (2.58 to 3.43) | < 0.001 | 1.280 | 0.535*/0.287 | 2.35/3.28 | 0.21 (–0.05 to 0.43) |
| Larsson et al. (2006)24 | 3.86 ± 1.90 | 2.39 (1.97 to 2.80) | < 0.001 | 1.030 | 0.562*/0.315 | 2.31/2.83 | 0.35 (0.01 to 0.57) |
| Li et al. (2019)23 | 4.54 ± 1.88 | 1.71 (1.30 to 2.13) | < 0.001 | 0.750 | 0.574*/0.330 | 2.28/2.35 | 0.42 (0.15 to 0.60) |
| Li et al. (2019)23 Higher BMI | 4.30 ± 1.74 | 1.95 (1.53 to 2.36) | < 0.001 | 0.850 | 0.563*/0.317 | 2.30/2.49 | 0.37 (0.08 to 0.57) |
| Equations using the above parameters plus hip or waist circumference | |||||||
| Larsson et al. (2006)24 | 4.04 ± 2.47 | 2.26 (1.77 to 2.75) | < 0.001 | 0.840 | 0.475*/0.225 | 2.45/2.87 | 0.35 (0.07 to 0.54) |
| Equations used to estimate LST | |||||||
| Change in LST from DXA: 6.26 ± 2.79 kg | |||||||
| Equations only using weight, age, sex, or BMI | |||||||
| Lee et al. (2017)28 | 5.08 ± 2.28 | 1.18 (0.75 to 1.60) | < 0.001 | 0.490 | 0.569*/0.324 | 2.30/2.11 | 0.51 (0.33 to 0.63) |
| Yu et al. (2013)31 | 3.42 ± 1.67 | 2.84 (2.42 to 3.26) | < 0.001 | 1.200 | 0.532*/0.283 | 2.37/3.18 | 0.27 (–0.04 to 0.50) |
| Kulkarni et al. (2013)30 | 5.77 ± 2.40 | 0.48 (0.05 to 0.92) | 0.029 | 0.200 | 0.569*/0.324 | 2.30/1.86 | 0.55 (0.44 to 0.65) |
| Equations using the above parameters plus hip or waist circumference | |||||||
| Lee et al. (2017)28 | 4.98 ± 2.58 | 1.32 (0.85 to 1.80) | < 0.001 | 0.500 | 0.522*/0.272 | 2.38/2.35 | 0.47 (0.29 to 0.60) |
| Salamat et al. (2015)25† | 3.83 ± 1.48 | 2.46 (1.98 to 2.94) | < 0.001 | 1.100 | 0.556*/0.309 | 2.26/2.62 | 0.34 (0.00 to 0.57) |
*P<0.05 for the correlation coefficients; †For this equation (n=88).
FFM, fat-free mass; LST, lean soft tissue; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; CI, confidence interval; r, Pearson correlation coefficient; r2, coefficient of determination; SEE, standard error estimate; MAE, mean absolute error; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; BMI, body mass index.