Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants stratified by SCD status
| All | Non-SCD | SCD | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 3,172 | 3,098 | 74 | |
| Age, years | 54.9 (45.8, 64.0) | 54.2 (45.1, 63.9) | 65.9 (57.7, 72.3) | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 1,502 (47.4) | 1,452 (46.9) | 50 (67.6) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.2 (21.2, 25.6) | 23.2 (21.2, 25.6) | 23.0 (21.1, 25.6) | 0.673 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 120.0 (110.0, 138.0) | 120.0 (110.0, 138.0) | 129.0 (118.0, 148.0) | 0.002 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.0 (70.0, 84.0) | 76.0 (70.0, 84.0) | 78.0 (70.0, 86.0) | 0.291 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 64.0 (58.0, 72.0) | 64.0 (58.0, 72.0) | 63.0 (56.0, 69.0) | 0.090 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 1,173 (37.0) | 1,132 (36.5) | 41 (55.4) | 0.001 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 951 (30.0) | 926 (29.9) | 25 (33.8) | 0.521 |
| Framingham risk score | 13.0 (9.0, 15.0) | 13.0 (9.0, 15.0) | 15.0 (13.0, 18.0) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk PROCAM score | 40.0 (26.0, 51.0) | 40.0 (26.0, 51.0) | 52.0 (43.0, 60.0) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Prior atrial fibrillation | 38 (1.2) | 38 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.338 |
| Coronary artery disease | 79 (2.5) | 54 (1.7) | 25 (33.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 928 (29.3) | 910 (29.4) | 18 (24.3) | 0.369 |
| Heart failure | 26 (0.8) | 25 (0.8) | 1 (1.4) | 0.460 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 144 (4.5) | 140 (4.5) | 4 (5.4) | 0.577 |
| Hypertension | 972 (30.6) | 934 (30.1) | 38 (51.4) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 7 (0.2) | 7 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.682 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension medicine | 378 (11.9) | 356 (11.5) | 22 (29.7) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus medicine | 118 (3.7) | 115 (3.7) | 3 (4.1) | 0.878 |
| Electrocardiography parameters, n (%) | ||||
| LVH | 258 (8.1) | 239 (7.7) | 19 (25.7) | < 0.001 |
| RVH | 8 (0.3) | 7 (0.2) | 1 (1.4) | 0.056 |
| ST change | 226 (7.1) | 223 (7.2) | 3 (4.1) | 0.299 |
| Atrial premature contraction | 32 (1.0) | 27 (0.9) | 5 (6.8) | < 0.001 |
| Ventricular premature contraction | 57 (1.8) | 56 (1.8) | 1 (1.4) | 0.770 |
| Left bundle branch block | 25 (0.8) | 24 (0.8) | 1 (1.4) | 0.579 |
| Right bundle branch block | 113 (3.6) | 111 (3.6) | 2 (2.7) | 0.686 |
| Atrial fibrillation / atrial flutter | 34 (1.1) | 33 (1.1) | 1 (1.4) | 0.813 |
| Atrioventricular block | 81 (2.6) | 79 (2.6) | 2 (2.7) | 0.934 |
| Long QT | 154 (4.9) | 149 (4.8) | 5 (6.8) | 0.406 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 103.0 (96.0, 113.0) | 103.0 (96.0, 113.0) | 104.0 (96.0, 115.0) | 0.466 |
| White blood cell, ×109/L | 6.1 (5.1, 7.2) | 6.1 (5.1, 7.2) | 6.3 (5.3, 7.8) | 0.289 |
| Lymphocyte, % | 22.0 (18.0, 26.8) | 22.0 (18.0, 26.0) | 22.0 (16.0, 28.0) | 0.865 |
| Platelet, ×109/L | 262.0 (216.0, 313.0) | 262.0 (216.0, 314.0) | 249.0 (208.0, 296.0) | 0.175 |
| Mean corpuscular volume, fL | 93.5 (89.9, 96.8) | 93.4 (89.9, 96.7) | 95.1 (91.3, 98.8) | 0.018 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 13.8 (12.8, 15.0) | 13.8 (12.8, 15.0) | 13.9 (12.9, 14.9) | 0.857 |
| Albumin, g/L | 4.6 (4.4, 4.9) | 4.6 (4.4, 4.9) | 4.5 (4.2, 4.9) | 0.025 |
| Prealbumin, mg/L | 26.5 (22.6, 31.2) | 26.5 (22.6, 31.2) | 26.8 (22.3, 31.7) | 0.846 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 91.9 (74.3, 106.4) | 92.3 (74.9, 106.5) | 76.4 (64.5, 93.8) | < 0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL | 17.0 (14.0, 22.0) | 17.0 (14.0, 22.0) | 19.0 (16.0, 23.0) | 0.001 |
| RDW, % | 13.1 (12.7, 13.7) | 13.1 (12.7, 13.7) | 13.2 (12.7, 13.9) | 0.199 |
| Transferrin, mg/dL | 271.0 (243.3, 303.0) | 272.0 (244.0, 303.0) | 258.5 (227.0, 289.0) | 0.014 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 100.0 (70.0, 150.0) | 100.0 (70.0, 150.0) | 103.5 (74.0, 161.0) | 0.351 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 194.0 (169.0, 225.0) | 194.0 (169.0, 225.0) | 204.0 (179.0, 244.0) | 0.099 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 46.0 (38.0, 55.0) | 46.0 (38.0, 55.0) | 43.5 (36.0, 55.0) | 0.268 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 135.0 (109.0, 165.0) | 135.0 (109.0, 165.0) | 141.5 (115.0, 182.0) | 0.078 |
| Apolipoprotein A1, g/L | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 0.239 |
| Apolipoprotein B, g/L | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.023 |
| Lipoprotein(a), mg/L | 92.7 (40.2, 194.5) | 92.5 (40.2, 193.1) | 111.6 (46.7, 234.0) | 0.250 |
Abbreviations: eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, RDW red cell distribution width, RVH right ventricular hypertrophy, SCD sudden cardiac death