Table 1.

Comparison of human and veterinary considerations relevant to reverse dynamization.

Study (species, model)	Flexible stiffness (N/mm)	Rigid stiffness (N/mm)	Interfragmentary motion (mm)	Transition time
Glatt et al. 2012 (rat femur, segmental defect)	~25	~120	0.5–1.0 → <0.2	21 days
Glatt et al. 2016 (rat femur, +BMP-2)	~25	~120	0.5–1.0 → <0.2	21 days
Glatt et al. 2021 (sheep tibia, osteotomy)	~40	>150	~0.8 → <0.2	28 days
Bafor et al. 2023 (goat, distraction osteogenesis)	Not reported	Not reported	~0.8 → ~0.2	4 weeks