Table 4.

Association between probiotic/prebiotic consumption and COPD.

	Probiotic/prebiotic consumption		P-value
	No	Yes
Mode l	Ref.	0.57 (0.38, 0.86)	.010
Mode 2	Ref.	0.53 (0.34, 0.82)	.005
Mode 3	Ref.	0.55 (0.35, 0.85)	.010
Mode 4	Ref.	0.56 (0.36, 0.87)	.013

Values are odds ratios (95% confidence intervals).

Model 1: no covariates were adjusted.

Model 2: adjusted for Gender, Age, Race, Marital status, and Educational level.

Model 3: adjusted for Gender, Age, Race, Marital status, Educational level, Smoke, Alcohol, BMI, and Sleep duration.

Model 4: adjusted for Gender, Age, Race, Marital status, Educational level, Smoke, Alcohol, BMI, Sleep duration, Diabetes, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, CVD, Sleep Disorder, and Gastrointestinal disorder.