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. 2026 Jul 21;17:1794229. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1794229

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Copyright © 2026 Zheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bar chart with four categories: Internal-dynamic, Organizational-social, Qualitative attributes, and Spatial Foundation. Each bar is divided into colored segments representing activity, atmosphere, category, psychological perception, state, institution, position, and scope. Qualitative attributes have the largest values, driven by state (630) and atmosphere (228). Spatial Foundation is significant for scope (320) and position (127). Internal-dynamic is notable for activity (243) and psychological perception (9). Organizational-social has smaller values distributed among atmosphere (30), category (85), and institution (2). A legend explains each color. — Frequency distribution of metaphor types across cognitive domains in the [X + Li] construction.