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. 2026 Jul 21;17:1794229. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1794229

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Copyright © 2026 Zheng.

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Scatterplot visualizes multidimensional scaling (MDS) of metaphor types using decade-level proportions along two dimensions, with points colored by cognitive domain: internal-dynamic (orange), qualitative attributes (blue), organizational-social (purple), and spatial foundation (green). Point size indicates total token count, largest for "State." Relevant domains include "Act." and "Psych." (orange), "State" and "Atm." (blue), "Cat. Pos." and "Inst." (purple), and "Scope" (green). A legend identifies cognitive domains and axes are labeled Dimension 1 and Dimension 2. Euclidean distances reflect within-decade proportions from the 1970s to 2010s. — MDS configuration of metaphor types based on decade-level proportions.