Table 1.

Comparison of the Experimentally Measured Average Charge State (z_avg) and Charge State of Highest Abundance (z_base) of DAB-16 Dendrimer (5 × 10⁻⁵ M), with the Rayleigh Charge (z_R) of a Spherical Droplet of the Same Size^a as the Dendrimer, for Electrospray Solutions with Various Surface Tensions (Errors reported as one standard deviation from three replicate measurements)

electrospray solventb	surface tension (mN/m)	zR	zbase	zavg	zbase/zR	zavg/zR
water	72	5.1	5	4.72 ± 0.01	0.98	0.93
m-NBAc	50d	4.2e	4	4.2 ± 0.1	0.94	1.00
acetic acid	27	3.1	4	3.6 ± 0.1	1.28	1.16
methanol	22	2.8	3	3.3 ± 0.1	1.07	1.17
2-propanol	21	2.7	3	2.63 ± 0.02	1.09	0.96

^a Radius of 11.8 Å, from ref 35.

^bSingle-component electrospray solutions were used, unless otherwise noted.

^cThe electrospray solution was 5% m-NBA/95% methanol.

^dSurface tension of m-NBA (98% pure material).

^eRayleigh charge for a droplet composed of only m-NBA.