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. 2026 May 25;16:23919. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-53337-2

Table 2.

HD95 (mm)—mean ± SD.

Model ET HD95 (mm) TC HD95 (mm) WT HD95 (mm)
3D U-Net3 7.8 ± 2.6 6.4 ± 2.1 5.1 ± 1.8
Attention U-Net10 7.2 ± 2.4 6.0 ± 1.9 4.8 ± 1.7
nnU-Net23 6.5 ± 2.1 5.4 ± 1.8 4.3 ± 1.5
ConvLSTM-Longitudinal5,24 6.8 ± 2.3 5.7 ± 1.9 4.5 ± 1.6
UNETR3 6.3 ± 2.0 5.2 ± 1.7 4.2 ± 1.4
Swin-UNet3 6.0 ± 1.9 5.0 ± 1.6 4.0 ± 1.3
Static–Dynamic Transformer6 5.8 ± 1.8 4.9 ± 1.6 3.9 ± 1.2
Hybrid CNN–Transformer25 5.6 ± 1.7 4.8 ± 1.5 3.8 ± 1.2
PGSMT (Proposed) 4.9 ± 1.3 4.3 ± 1.2 3.4 ± 1.0