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Temporal variance (%)—mean ± SD.
| Model | ET TV (%) | TC TV (%) | WT TV (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3D U-Net3 | 6.8 ± 2.1 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 4.2 ± 1.5 |
| Attention U-Net10 | 6.1 ± 2.0 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 1.4 |
| nnU-Net23 | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 4.3 ± 1.5 | 3.5 ± 1.2 |
| ConvLSTM-Longitudina5,24 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 1.3 | 3.2 ± 1.1 |
| UNETR3 | 5.0 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 1.2 |
| Swin-UNet3 | 4.7 ± 1.5 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.1 ± 1.0 |
| Static–Dynamic Transformer6 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 0.9 |
| Hybrid CNN–Transformer25 | 4.1 ± 1.3 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 2.8 ± 0.9 |
| PGSMT (Proposed) | 2.9 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.7 |
