Table 3.

Changes in mental health outcomes between T1 and T4 in each pregnancy termination group. Cohen's d estimates the changes in outcome variables in the two pregnancy termination groups. Within-group analysis was performed using paired t-tests and between-group analysis was performed using ANCOVA (estimated with controls for all four possible confounders, i.e. marital status, number of children, vocational activity and former psychiatric health).

Outcome at corresponding interviews:	Change in the miscarriage group from T1 to T4: Cohen's d	Change in the induced abortion group from T1 to T4: Cohen's d	Differential change between groups from T1–T4: Exact p-value
IES intrusion	1.92***	0.85***	p = 0.096
IES avoidance	1.20***	0.21**	p = 0.003
Quality of life	-0.69***	-0.40**	p = 0.628
HADS anxiety	0.10	0.02	p = 0.999
HADS depression	0.80**	0.30*	p = 0.314
Feelings, rated 1–5:
Relief	-0.50	0.07	p = 0.081
Grief	1.54***	0.41***	p = 0.015
Loss	1.22***	0.08	p = 0.007
Guilt	0.93***	0.00	p < 0.001
Shame	0.47	0.17	p = 0.088
Anger	0.86***	0.34**	p = 0.027

T1 = 10 days after pregnancy termination

T4 = five years after pregnancy termination

Significant change from T1 to T4 (in each pregnancy termination group) by paired t-test: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.