TABLE 1.

Primers used for the detection of integrons and resistance determinants

Target genea (resistance)	Primer	Nucleotide sequence (5′-3′)	Reference	Ta (°C)b	Accession no.	Product size (bp)
Integronc	5′CS	GGC ATC CAA GCA GCA AG	15	55	AY007807	Variable
	3′CS	AAG CAG ACT TGA CCT GA
Integrase	intI1-F	CCT CCC GCA CGA TGA TC	4	58.5	AF071413	280
	intI1-R	TCC ACG CAT CGT CAG GC
blaTEM (AMP)	TEM-9F	CAT TTC CGT GTC GCC CTT ATT CC	This study	59	J01749	828
	TEM-9R	GGC ACC TAT CTC AGC GAT CTG TCT A
catA1 (CHL)	cat F1-F	AAG TTG GCA GCA TTC ACC CG	This study	61	J01841	573
	cat B2-R	TCG TGG TAT TCA CTC CAG AGC G
tet(A) (TET)	tet(A)-F	GGT CTT GCT CGT CTC GCT GG	This study	62	X61367	690
	tet(A)-R	AAC GCC ATC CAT CCC CGT G
aadA1 (STR)	aadA1a-F	AAC GAC CTT TTG GAA ACT TCG G	This study	60	X12870	352
	aadA1a-R	TTC GCT CAT CGC CAG CCC AG
strA (STR)	strA-F	CCA ATC GCA GAT AGA AGG CAA G	This study	65	AJ249779	580
	strA-R	ATC AAC TGG CAG GAG GAA CAG G
aphA1-Ia (KAN)	aph(3′)I-F	AAC GTC TTG CTC GAG GCC GCG	25	65	J01839	670
	aph(3′)I-R	GGC AAG ATC CTG GTA TCG GTC TGC
aadB (GEN)	aadB-Fd	GGG CGC GTC ATG GAG GAG TT	25	65	X04555	329
	aadB-Rd	TAT CGC GAC CTG AAA GCG GC
sulI (SUL)	sul1-F	TGG TGA CGG TGT TCG GCA TTC	17	62	U49101	790
	sul1-R	GCG AAG GTT TCC GAG AAG GTG
QRDR gyrA	gyrA-P1	TGT CCG AGA TGG CCT GAA GC	-e	58	U28377	374
	gyrA-P3	TGC CGT CAT AGT TAT CAA CGA
QRDR parC	parC-3	CCG TGC GTT GCC GTT TAT TG	-e	58	U28377	368
	parC-4	AAGTGCCGTCGAAGTTTGGCA

^aThat is, it confers resistance to AMP, CHL, TET, STR, KAN, GEN, SUL, or it is the QRDR (quinolone resistance-determining region).

^bT_a, annealing temperature.

^cThe dfrA1 gene was identified by nucleotide sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products generated with primers 5′CS and 3′CS.

^dant(2")I-F and ant(2")I-R (25).

^eUnpublished data (B. Malorny, Federal Institute for Health Production of Consumer and Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany).