Table 4.
Long-term outcomes and hemodynamic variability indices in OFA and OA groups.
| Outcome | OFA | OA | Effect estimate (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Three-month outcomes | ||||
| CPSP, n/N (%) | 11/88 (12.5%) | 29/86 (33.7%) | RR 0.37 (0.20–0.69) | 0.001* |
| PSQI score (median [IQR]) | 6 [3] | 8 [5] | – | <0.001* |
| Hemodynamic variability indices (median [IQR]) | ||||
| BPV-SBP | 16.5 [8.0] | 17.0 [9.5] | – | 0.915 |
| CV-SBP | 0.13 [0.05] | 0.13 [0.06] | – | 0.734 |
| ARV-SBP | 17.4 [8.3] | 16.2 [6.7] | – | 0.095 |
| BPV-DBP | 10.0 [5.0] | 10.0 [5.0] | – | 0.439 |
| CV-DBP | 0.14 [0.06] | 0.13 [0.06] | – | 0.827 |
| ARV-DBP | 11.1 [5.9] | 9.3 [6.0] | – | 0.053 |
| BPV-MAP | 12.0 [6.0] | 11.0 [6.5] | – | 0.992 |
| CV-MAP | 0.13 [0.07] | 0.13 [0.06] | – | 0.558 |
| ARV-MAP | 12.0 [7.4] | 10.8 [6.3] | – | 0.261 |
Values are expressed as median [interquartile range, IQR] or n/N (%). OFA, opioid-free anesthesia; OA, opioid-based anesthesia; CPSP, chronic postsurgical pain; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; BPV, blood pressure variability; CV, coefficient of variation; ARV, average real variability; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval. * P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance.