Table 2.
In vivo studies investigating the hepatoprotective effects of Momordica charantia L.
| Plant part—solvent used | Research model | Dosage | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leaves—water[26] | CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats | 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg | ALT, AST, and ALP ↓ (p<0.05) SOD and CAT ↑ (p<0.05) |
| Leaves—50% ethanol[27] | CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats | 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg | ALT, AST ↓ (p<0.05); histopathological findings showed minimal cellular damage after treatment |
| Leaves—70% ethanol[28] | CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats | 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg | SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and total bilirubin levels improved (p<0.05) |
| Juice[29] | Acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rabbits | 5 mL/kg | ALT, AST, and ALP ↓ (p<0.05) |
| Fruit—95% ethanol[30] | Ammonium chloride-induced liver injury in rats | 300 mg/kg | AST, ALT, and ALP ↓ (p<0.05); decreased blood ammonia and plasma urea levels |
| Fruit—80% ethanol[31] | Alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats | 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg | SOD, GSH, and CAT ↑ (p<0.05) |
| Fruit—water[14] | Restraint-stressed mice | 250, 500, and 750 mg/kg | Histopathological findings indicated intact liver cell structure and clearly defined hepatic cords; ALT and AST ↓ (p<0.05) |
| Fruit—Hexane[32] | Rat model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury | 200 mg/kg | Prevented increases in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, LDH, and CRP levels (p<0.01); prevented increase in MDA levels (p<0.05) |
| Leaves—70% methanol[33] | Cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats | 300 mg/kg | Cadmium caused fibrosis around the portal vein and disintegration of hepatocyte nuclei; pretreatment with extracts revealed prominent Kupffer cells |
ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; SGOT: Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase; SGPT: Glutamate pyruvate transaminase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; CAT: Catalase; GSH: Glutathione; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; MDA: Malondialdehyde.