Figure 3.

Annotation of T/NK cells (Level 2) revealed broad heterogeneity and a progressive shift toward CD8⁺ dominance over CD4⁺ T cells

(A) UMAP visualization of 35 T/NK cell subclusters. The inset shows the projection of these cells onto the PBMC UMAP.

(B) Dot plot shows canonical marker expression and proportions of T/NK cell subclusters.

(C) UMAP visualization shows manual annotation of 5 major T/NK cell populations (Level 2).

(D) Bar plot displays the proportion of CD4⁺, CD8⁺, DN, and cytotoxic DN T/NK cells across CanL clinical stages, colored by population. See also Table S2.

(E) Forest plot of the fold-change in odds ratio (OR) of CD4⁺ over CD8⁺ T/NK cell abundance across clinical stages relative to NLC.

Points indicate estimated ORs, and whiskers represent 95% confidence intervals from a mixed-effects logistic regression model with random intercepts for individual dogs.

p values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method (∗∗∗∗adjusted p < 0.0001). See also Table S3.