Table 2.
Participant characteristics (N = 36)
| Variable | Total | Control (n = 18) |
Intervention (n = 18) | t, U, or χ2 |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD or n (%) | |||||
| Age, years | 26.78 ± 3.61 | 25.67 ± 2.54 | 27.89 ± 4.21 | 1.92 | .064 |
| Career, months | 43.28 ± 38.00 | 33.78 ± 26.27 | 52.78 ± 45.75 | 1.53 | .136 |
| Sex, female | 30 (83.3) | 18 (100) | 12 (66.7) | .019a | |
| Marital status, married | 2 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (5.6) | 1.000a | |
| Religion, yes | 12 (33.3) | 5 (27.8) | 7 (38.9) | 0.67 | .881 |
| Education level | 5.03 | .169 | |||
| Associate degree | 1 (2.8) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Bachelor’s degree | 31 (86.1) | 16 (88.9) | 15 (83.3) | ||
| ≥ Master’s degree | 4 (11.1) | 1 (5.6) | 3 (16.7) | ||
| Educational experience of ADs, yes | 15 (41.7) | 7 (38.9) | 8 (44.4) | 1.000a | |
| Need for an AD | 4.49 | .344 | |||
| Not needed | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | ||
| Moderately needed | 11 (30.6) | 4 (22.2) | 7 (38.9) | ||
| Urgently needed | 8 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (22.2) | ||
|
Knowledge about EOL care |
16.08 ± 1.57 | 16.11 ± 1.61 | 16.06 ± 1.59 | −0.10 | .917 |
| Attitudes toward ADs | 48.08 ± 4.71 | 46.39 ± 4.78 | 49.78 ± 4.10 | 78.5b | .007 |
|
Communication self-efficacy |
81.64 ± 14.27 | 85.78 ± 12.35 | 77.50 ± 15.18 | 1.80 | .082 |
| Communication skills | 56.64 ± 7.04 | 57.44 ± 7.64 | 55.83 ± 6.50 | 0.68 | .500 |
|
ACP communication confidence |
6.58 ± 1.63 | 6.39 ± 1.46 | 6.78 ± 1.80 | 0.71 | .482 |
Abbreviations: ACP Advance care planning, AD Advance directive, EOL End-of-life, SD Standard deviation
aFisher’s exact test
bMann–Whitney U test