. 2026 Jun 3;25:230. doi: 10.1186/s12904-026-02177-y

Table 3.

Effects of the MI-ACP communication program on nurses’ ACP-related perspectives and competencies (N = 36)

Variable	Group	Baseline	Follow-up	Difference (follow-up –baseline)	Between-group test (t or U)	p
Variable	Group	Mean ± Standard Deviation
Knowledge about EOL care	Control	16.11 ± 1.61	16.83 ± 1.72	0.72 ± 2.52	118.50^a	.171
Knowledge about EOL care	Intervention	16.06 ± 1.59	17.89 ± 1.41	1.83 ± 1.72	118.50^a	.171
Attitudes toward ADs	Control	46.39 ± 4.78	49.50 ± 3.90	3.11 ± 4.35	156.00^a	.864
Attitudes toward ADs	Intervention	49.78 ± 4.10	53.00 ± 5.27	3.22 ± 4.39	156.00^a	.864
Communication self-efficacy	Control	85.78 ± 12.35	88.56 ± 15.10	2.78 ± 11.11	69.00^a	.003
Communication self-efficacy	Intervention	77.50 ± 15.18	96.67 ± 15.35	19.17 ± 18.58	69.00^a	.003
Communication skills	Control	57.44 ± 7.64	60.06 ± 7.76	2.61 ± 6.95	0.98	.333
Communication skills	Intervention	55.83 ± 6.50	60.61 ± 8.67	4.78 ± 6.26	0.98	.333
ACP communication confidence	Control	6.39 ± 1.46	6.28 ± 1.41	− 0.11 ± 1.78	2.22	.033
ACP communication confidence	Intervention	6.78 ± 1.80	8.06 ± 1.35	1.28 ± 1.97	2.22	.033

Abbreviations: ACP Advance care planning, AD Advance directive, EOL End-of-life, M Mean, MI Motivational interviewing

^aMann–Whitney U test