Table 2.
Adjusted associations between patient characteristics and increase in cup-to-disc ratio
| CDR increase ≥0.2 | |
|---|---|
| Baseline Variables | Adjusted RR (95% CI) |
| Loss to follow-up: | |
| Longest lapse between encounters | |
| 0 (had an encounter every year) | Reference |
| 1–2 years | 1.01 (0.96, 1.07) |
| 3–4 years | 1.15 (1.00, 1.32) |
| Age (years) | |
| <60 | Reference |
| 60–<70 | 1.01 (0.93, 1.09) |
| 70–<80 | 1.24 (1.15, 1.34) |
| 80+ | 1.61 (1.49, 1.74) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 1.08 (1.04, 1.12) |
| Female | Reference |
| Race | |
| Asian | Reference |
| Black or African American | 1.06 (0.94, 1.21) |
| White | 0.98 (0.87, 1.10) |
| Hispanic | 1.07 (0.93, 1.22) |
| Native American and Alaska Native | 0.65 (0.43, 0.95) |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 0.86 (0.47, 1.44) |
| Insurance | |
| Private | Reference |
| Govt | 1.31 (1.09, 1.57) |
| Medicaid | 1.18 (1.00, 1.39) |
| Medicare FFS | 1.28 (1.19, 1.37) |
| Medicare Managed | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) |
| Military | 1.19 (0.86, 1.61) |
| Smoking status | |
| Never | Reference |
| Former | 1.12 (1.08, 1.17) |
| Active | 1.19 (1.12, 1.27) |
| Glaucoma severity | |
| Mild | Reference |
| Moderate | 1.27 (1.13, 1.43) |
| Severe | 1.05 (0.97, 1.13) |
| Unspecified | 1.86 (1.61, 2.14) |
| IOP≥19 mmHg | |
| Yes | 1.17 (1.13, 1.22) |
| No | Reference |
| CDR ≥0.70 | |
| Yes | 0.23 (0.22, 0.25) |
| No | Reference |
CDR, cup-to-disc ratio; CI, confidence interval; FFS, fee for service; Govt, government (including the Indian Health Service and state-specific non-Medicaid plans); IOP, intraocular pressure; mmHg, millimeters mercury; RR, relative risk.