Skip to main content
. 2026 May 29;16:24669. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-52181-8

Table 8.

Evaluation Of L1, L2, AND Infinity norm combinations for enhanced fusion quality.

Fusion
with Attention
EN SSIM SF MSE PSNR NMI RMSE MSSIM FSIM VIF Mean metric
error
L1 1.9819 0.9003 5.5027 0.0063 70.3627 2.7127 0.0784 0.8799 0.9518 0.8871 8.4264
L2 1.9825 0.9003 5.5026 0.0063 70.3607 2.7128 0.0784 0.8799 0.9518 0.8865 8.4262
INF 1.9849 0.8992 5.3353 0.0065 70.5006 2.6635 0.0800 0.8793 0.9520 0.8818 8.4183
L1L2 1.9856 0.8998 5.4186 0.0062 70.4347 2.6833 0.0776 0.8796 0.9519 0.8851 8.4222
L1_INF 1.9856 0.8998 5.4185 0.0062 70.4363 2.6831 0.0776 0.8796 0.9519 0.8854 8.4224
L2_INF 1.9822 0.9003 5.5022 0.0063 70.3618 2.7129 0.0784 0.8799 0.9518 0.8868 8.4263
L1L2INF 1.9863 0.8996 5.3511 0.0060 70.4893 2.6675 0.0701 0.8594 0.9520 0.8825 8.4164