Table 2.

Association between demographic and clinical characteristics and prevalence of overall social activity participation among Fragile X Online Registry With Accessible Research Database participants, aged 5–17, 2011–2021.

Demographic and clinical characteristics	Child participated in any type of social activitya
	Total (n = 690)b
	PR (95% CI)	aPRc (95% CI)
Child’s age at most recent clinical visit, in years
5–10 (ref.)	-	-
11–13	1.01 (0.92, 1.11)	1.03 (0.94, 1.14)
14–17	1.01 (0.94, 1.09)	1.03 (0.95, 1.11)
Child race and ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic (ref.)	-	-
Black, non-Hispanic	0.95 (0.82, 1.10)	0.98 (0.84, 1.14)
Other race, non-Hispanic	1.06 (0.94, 1.19)	1.05 (0.93, 1.18)
Multi-race, non-Hispanic	0.86 (0.67, 1.12)	0.88 (0.71, 1.09)
Hispanic	0.85 (0.74, 0.98)	0.91 (0.80, 1.04)
Primary caregiver education
≤ High school diploma	0.68 (0.57, 0.83)	0.74 (0.62, 0.88)
Some college	0.88 (0.80, 0.97)	0.91 (0.83, 1.00)
Bachelor’s degree	0.96 (0.89, 1.03)	0.96 (0.90, 1.03)
Advanced degree (ref.)	-	-
Child’s current intellectual function
No ID (ref.)	-	-
Developmental delayd	0.91 (0.75, 1.09)	0.97 (0.80, 1.18)
Borderline or mild ID	0.94 (0.86, 1.02)	0.95 (0.87, 1.04)
Moderate ID	0.89 (0.82, 0.98)	0.92 (0.83, 1.02)
Severe or profound ID	0.53 (0.40, 0.70)	0.57 (0.43, 0.77)
Child’s autism spectrum disorder diagnosis
Current or past diagnosis	0.92 (0.86, 0.99)	0.99 (0.92, 1.06)
Never diagnosed (ref.)	-	-
Child’s current behavioral conditions
Attention problems or hyperactivity
Yes	0.96 (0.88, 1.04)	0.95 (0.87, 1.04)
No (ref.)	-	-
Hypersensitivity e
Yes	1.05 (0.97, 1.14)	1.10 (1.02, 1.20)
No (ref.)	-	-
Anxiety
Yes	1.13 (1.00, 1.27)	1.13 (1.01, 1.27)
No (ref.)	-	-
OCD or perseverative behaviors
Yes	0.95 (0.89, 1.02)	0.98 (0.91, 1.05)
No (ref.)	-	-
Mood swings or depression
Yes	0.91 (0.82, 1.00)	0.93 (0.84, 1.02)
No (ref.)	-	-
Emotional dysregulation behaviors f
Yes	0.89 (0.84, 0.96)	0.93 (0.87, 1.00)
No (ref.)	-	-

Abbreviations: Ref = reference category; PR = unadjusted prevalence ratio; aPR = adjusted prevalence ratio; CI = confidence interval; OCD = obsessive- compulsive disorder; ASD = autism spectrum disorder; ID = intellectual disability.

^aBolded values indicate statistically significant results, where the confidence interval does not include 1. Borderline significant results, defined as 0.97 to 1.03, were also bolded.

^bParticipants with missing data for one or more variables included in the table were excluded from the models (n = 140/830).

^cRegression models adjusted for all other variables included in the table.

^dQuestion instruction limited response to children under age 6 years; however, 7 children ≥6 years old were also included per clinician designation.

^eIncludes overreaction to stimuli and emotionally reactive behaviors.

^fIncludes irritability, aggression, agitation, and self-injury behaviors.