Table 3.
Onychoscopic nail findings.
| Dermoscopic nail findings | PsO | PsA | AS | RA | Between PsO and PsA patients P value |
Between AS ve RA patients P value |
Between 4 groups P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single-row capillary, n (%) | 7 (28) | 5 (20) | 6 (24) | 8 (32) | .50 | .75 | .79 |
| Multirow capillaries, n (%) | 16 (64) | 18 (72) | 17 (68) | 15 (60) | .54 | .76 | .82 |
| Microhemorrhagic dots, n (%) | 3 (12) | 6 (24) | 8 (32) | 4 (16) | .46 | .32 | .31 |
| Megacapillary, n (%) | 5 (20) | 6 (24) | 8 (32) | 7 (28) | .73 | 1.0 | .79 |
| İrregular, coiled and tortuous capillaries; n (%) | 10 (40) | 9 (36) | 12 (48) | 10 (40) | .77 | .77 | .85 |
| İrregular,distorted, branched, purple vessels; n (%) | 4 (16) | 3 (12) | 3 (12) | 5 (20) | 1.0 | .70 | .92 |
| Clustered dotted vessels; n (%) | 19 (76) | 21 (84) | 6 (24) | 6 (24) | .48 | 1.0 | < .001 |
| Parallel dotted/short linear vessels (“fish school-like pattern”); n (%) | 6 (24) | 6 (24) | 10 (40) | 16 (64) | 1.0 | .15 | .01 |
| Splinter hemorrhage, n (%) | 18 (72) | 20 (80) | 6 (24) | 5 (20) | .50 | 1.0 | < .001 |
| Pitting, n (%) | 18 (72) | 20 (80) | 5 (20) | 3 (12) | .50 | .70 | < .001 |
| Horizontal ridges, n (%) | 5 (20) | 8 (32) | 2 (8) | 1 (4) | .33 | 1.0 | .04 |
| Red lunula, n (%) | 12 (48) | 8 (32) | 2 (8) | 3 (12) | .24 | 1.0 | .003 |
| Onycholysis, n (%) | 21 (84) | 24 (96) | 6 (24) | 10 (40) | .34 | .36 | < .001 |
| Erythematous border of onycholysis, n (%) | 15 (60) | 16 (64) | 1 (4) | 2 (8) | .77 | 1.0 | < .001 |
| Oil drop sign, n (%) | 15 (60) | 13 (52) | 0 | 0 | .56 | - | < .001 |
| Subungual hyperkeratosis, n (%) | 12 (48) | 18 (72) | 8 (32) | 6 (24) | .08 | .75 | .003 |
| Leukonychia, n (%) | 16 (64) | 18 (72) | 14 (56) | 11 (44) | .54 | .57 | .21 |
| Dilated capillary in hyponychium, n (%) | 18 (72) | 13 (52) | 16 (64) | 11 (44) | .14 | .25 | .19 |
| Vascular prominence under the nail plate, n (%) | 16 (64) | 19 (76) | 18 (72) | 18 (72) | .35 | 1.0 | .82 |
Numerical data are expressed as the mean ± SD or median (range). Categorical data are expressed as the frequency (percentage).
AS = ankylosing spondylitis, n = number of patients, PsA = psoriatic arthritis, PsO = psoriasis, RA = rheumatoid arthritis, SD = standard deviation.