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. 2026 Jul 2;16(8):654. doi: 10.21037/qims-2025-1-2814

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Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Group comparisons of the ALPS index and PSMD. (A) Comparisons of ALPS index values among the T2DM-MCI, T2DM-nMCI, and HC groups. (B) Comparisons of PSMD values among the T2DM-MCI, T2DM-nMCI, and HC groups. The results were corrected using the false discovery rate method. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01. ALPS, analysis along the perivascular space; HC, healthy control; PSMD, peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity; T2DM-MCI, type 2 diabetes mellitus with mild cognitive impairment; T2DM-nMCI, type 2 diabetes mellitus without mild cognitive impairment.