Figure 4.

Experimental results with different samples. (a) The thermal field retrodiction evolution of a 3D-printed concentric perforated structure. The images compare the actual thermal field with the retrodiction thermal field predicted by our model and Ref. model at corresponding time steps. (b) The thermal field retrodiction of a real chip. The images compare the actual thermal field with the thermal fields predicted by our model and Ref. model at corresponding time steps. (c) Relative error with increasing time step for different detection targets in Fig. 4a and b, respectively.