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. 2026 Jun 4;26:1025. doi: 10.1186/s12877-026-07741-y

Table 2.

Characteristics of individual UTI episodes (n = 368)

Mean (SD) Missing (%)
Symptom duration, days 3.9 (5.9) 62 (16.9)
N (%) Missing (%)
Sex 0
 Female 310 (84.2%)
 Male 58 (15.8)
Yes (%) No (%) Missing (%)
Pretreated with antibiotics 51 (13.9) 317 (86.1) 0
Symptoms
 Urgency 163 (44.4) 204 (55.3) 1 (0.3)
 Frequency 197 (53.5) 170 (46.2) 1 (0.3)
 Dysuria 206 (56.0) 161 (43.7) 1 (0.3)
 Cloudy urine 125 (34.0) 232 (63) 11 (3.0)
 Suprapubic pain 137 (37.2) 230 (62.5) 1 (0.3)
 Flank pain 35 (9.5) 331 (90) 2 (0.5)
 Fever 18 (4.9) 346 (94) 4 (1.1)
N (%) Missing (%)
Pathogens 0
 Escherichia coli 191 (51.9)
 Klebsiella species 36 (9.8)
 Enterococcus species 17 (4.6)
 Proteus species 5 (1.4)
 Streptococcus species 7 (1.9)
 Mixed flora 19 (5.2)
 Other species 24 (6.5)
 No bacterial growth 69 (18.8)
Reference standard score 0
 No UTI (0–2 points) 40 (10.9)
 Possible UTI (3–4 points) 30 (8.2)
 Probable UTI (5–7 points) 148 (40.2)
 Definite UTI (8–11 points) 150 (40.8)

Legend:  

Other species = all cultured pathogens not listed above

SD standard deviation