. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 12.

Published in final edited form as: Int Conf Learn Represent. 2026;2026:84620–84648.

Table 3.

Impact of 70% missingness on multimodality information for UR-FUNNY (Hasan et al., 2019) and Hateful Memes (Kiela et al., 2020). Parentheses denote standard deviation across batches.

		AUROC			Information Decomposition
		Text	Image/Video	Image + Text	Unique_text	Unique_image	Shared	Complementary
UR-FU.	Oracle	0.68 (0.01)	0.60 (0.02)	0.69 (0.02)	0.10 (0.00)	0.02 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)
	Observed	0.61 (0.03)	0.54 (0.04)	0.63 (0.03)	0.05 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.03 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)
	ICYM²I	0.66 (0.03)	0.57 (0.04)	0.62 (0.04)	0.07 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)
Memes	Oracle	0.71 (0.01)	0.57 (0.01)	0.72 (0.01)	0.09 (0.01)	0.00 (0.00)	0.04 (0.00)	0.05 (0.01)
	Observed	0.68 (0.02)	0.61 (0.02)	0.71 (0.02)	0.13 (0.00)	0.04 (0.00)	0.01 (0.00)	0.00 (0.00)
	ICYM²I	0.67 (0.02)	0.61 (0.02)	0.71 (0.02)	0.10 (0.00)	0.01 (0.00)	0.02 (0.03)	0.03 (0.01)