TABLE 4.

List of In Vivo enrichment methods for CTC detection and isolation in melanoma.

Methods	Description	Advantages	Disadvantages	Ref.
Diagnostic leukapheresis (DLA)	Isolation of CTCs within the PBMCs fraction from large volumes of blood	Increased CTC detection Large blood volumes	Invasiveness limits routine use	Fischer et al. (2013), Bos et al. (2024)
Photoacoustic flow cytometry platform (PAFC)	In vivo detection of acoustic waves from melanin-bearing CTCs by transcutaneous delivery of laser pulses to blood vessels	High sensitivity Identification of CTC-clusters Analysis of large volumes of blood Noninvasive	High false-negative rate Time-Consuming Optical Clearing Need for External Contrast Agents for Non-Melanoma Tumors	Galanzha et al. (2019a) Galanzha et al. (2019b)