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. 2026 Aug 11;16:24941. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-65078-3

Table 2.

Comparison of the proposed dual-band 28/38 GHz circularly polarized antenna with recent antenna designs reported in the literature.

[9] Antenna Size (Inline graphic) Polarization Gain at 28/38 (dBi) Efficiency at 28/38 (%) Operating bandwidth (GHz) Isolation (dB) axial ratio bandwidth at 28/38 (GHz) ECC at 28/38
GHz
Inline graphic Circular 6.8/5.9 85/80 27.6–28.3
35.2–47.2
NA NA NA
[10] Inline graphic Circular 6.2/5.9 92/90

27.2–29.2

36–40

36/36

27.82–29.08

37.3–38.23

Inline graphic
[11] Inline graphic Linear

5.56 dBi (w/o AMC)

8.23 dBi (with AMC

NA

27.3–30.9

34.9–40

26/27 NA 0.05/0.04
[12] Inline graphic Linear 8.3/4.9 91/84 27.5–29.5 32.6–44.3 20/20 NA NA
[13] Inline graphic Linear 7.4/5.2 88.8/88

27.7–28.3

36.2–39.1

24/26 NA NA
Present Work Inline graphic Circular 7.5/5.5 87/82

27.6–28.4

37.5–38.3

35/27

27.6–28.18

37.75–38.25

Inline graphic